Polonius: what? Ophelia: Hamlet’s gone mad, he looks TERRIBLE (2.1.71-81) #InkyCloak #SlowShakespeare

Enter OPHELIA.

POLONIUS                  How now, Ophelia, what’s the matter?

OPHELIA        O my lord, my lord, I have been so affrighted.

POLONIUS      With what, i’th’ name of God?

OPHELIA        My lord, as I was sewing in my closet

Lord Hamlet, with his doublet all unbraced,

No hat upon his head, his stockings fouled,

Ungartered and down-gyved to his ankle,

Pale as his shirt, his knees knocking each other,

And with a look so piteous in purport

As if he had been loosed out of hell

To speak of horrors, he comes before me.  (2.1.71-81)

Does Ophelia arrive as Reynaldo’s exiting? Does he give her a puzzled glance, if she’s visibly distressed? Much can be done, in terms of setting the parameters of her relationship with Polonius, if she gives him a formal curtsey before speaking—although of course Polonius can be immediately worried, go to console her. How now, Ophelia, what’s the matter, what’s going on? O my lord, my lord, I have been so affrighted. I’ve just had such a scare, I’m petrified! With what, i’ th’ name of God? Will he find her a chair, kneel down beside her, console her? Or is this just another bit of business for a busy man to deal with? My lord, as I was sewing in my closet—just minding my own business, in my own room (a closet was a room where there was some expectation of privacy; it could be used in various ways, especially by women—usually not a bedroom)—I was being GOOD. (Sewing is a standard way of establishing female virtue, on stage especially; it was usually a communal activity and there’s actually no confirmation that Ophelia was by herself here—although there are of course no other named women in the cast who could be with her, and the assumption that she was alone makes it more threatening and frightening.)

But, there I was, just now, sewing, and Hamlet came in! And he was looking—terrible! Mad! His doublet all unbraced, undone, dishevelled, no hat upon his head (normally worn indoors), his stockings fouled, ungartered and down-gyved to his ankle—he was practically undressed, his stockings were dirty, coming down, hanging around his ankles like fetters… He was pale as his shirt—and that she mentions his shirt, that it was amply on display, as well as his stockings (and implicitly his bare legs)—this makes it almost as if Hamlet has appeared in her room half naked—this is properly shocking, as well as unseemly and unsettling. His knees were knocking each other; he was shaking. And with a look so piteous in purport as if he had been loosed out of hell to speak of horrors, he comes before me. Ophelia’s shifted into the present tense, as if she’s seeing it all again at the same time as she’s recreating it for Polonius and for the audience. Hamlet looked ghastly, he looked like HELL, demonic, tormented, in agony. And there he was, standing in front of me—like a Ghost, sent from hell, with terrible, terrible news.

View 4 comments on “Polonius: what? Ophelia: Hamlet’s gone mad, he looks TERRIBLE (2.1.71-81) #InkyCloak #SlowShakespeare

  1. I always respond very strongly to this scene, both the pathos of Ophelia and the striking imagery of what she describes. Shakespeare is exceptional at painting mental images (Gerber punningly calls it ‘unscene’) and here is a description of Hamlet’s madness so precise it prepares the audience for what is to come. Movie directors always feel like showing this when it is so much more powerful to hear it in the quake of Ophelia’s voice.
    I had not caught that detail of ‘sewing in my closet’- so evocative! She is so trying to be a good girl (or at least appearing so for her father) and her guides are so untrustworthy. She so desperately needs feminine guidance. While in reality the court will probably have a lot of women and she may be one of the ladies, Shakespeare goes out of his way to strand her in this masculine world. There are only two women in this play and they are kept apart for a very long time. It is quite heartbreaking.

    1. Yes, her isolation is important. There may have been something going on with the company at this time – there need to be 3 boys, one to play the Player Queen – but Troilus and Cressida (v close in date) only needs 3 at most (can manage with 2) and 12th Night similarly only 3. More particularly Ophelia doesn’t have a scene with Gertrude, really. Ah yes, the closet, it is evocative!

      1. That is something I did not know! Add Julius Ceasar and Othello to that list of plays with minimal women’s roles around that time. The boys must be exceptionally skilled because the few women’s roles in these plays are quite complex.
        While Ophelia and Gertrude are kept apart for most of Hamlet, I do love how Emilia and Desdemona are written together in Othello adding another level of trust/distrust in that claustrophobic play.
        On a tangent, I am in the middle of the Henriad right now for our monthly discussion series (and your Richard II slow-reading has been a godsend). Very few women’s roles and quite brief at that, but they make such an impact. I adore Lady Percy and Katherine, the French princess (or maybe, I just like his Kates!).

        1. The boys were certainly very skilled, yes – from the mid-late 1590s on in the Chamberlain’s Men in particular. Particularly in comedy: so, AYLI has 4 parts for boys. (And even more so from c. 1605 on – Lady Macbeth, Cleopatra, Volumnia…) (We have to think about the other plays that the company had in the rep too – but 3-4 boys at any one time seems to be the standard.) The scene between Emilia and Desdemona is one of THE great scenes, all the more so for being so late in the play. Glad you enjoy the second tetralogy! great plays. Kate Percy and the Princess are close cousins to Rosalind and the other comic heroines, and owe a little to Katharina the shrew too… (and that’s nice to hear you’ve been looking at my Richard II blog, mostly written in the first long lockdown in 2020 and beyond.

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